A WORLD-WIDE PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF POACEAE (GRAMINEAE): căo (草), capim, çayır, çimen, darbha, ghaas, ghas, gish, gramas, graminius, gräser, grasses, gyokh, he-ben-ke, hullu, kasa, kusa, nyasi, pastos, pillu, pullu, zlaki, etc.
R. J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, F. O. Zuloaga, E. J. Judziewicz, T. S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone†, K. Romaschenko, L. G. Clark, J. K. Teisher, L. J. Gillespie & P. Barbera
First published 13 Jan. 2000 as Classification of New World Grasses (Poaceae/Gramineae). Data are under continuous revision after this time. This page last revised 30 June 2017 (previous significant revisions/updates, 11 Dec 2013, 13 Dec 2011, Apr 2012, 8 Aug 2012, 18 Oct 2012, 5 Apr 2014, 3 Apr 2015, 23 Mar 2015, 2 Jun 2017).
The following classification was initiated for the Catalogue of New World Grasses project. It now includes subfamilies (12), supertribes (7), tribes (52), supersubtribes (5), subtribes (94), and accepted genera for the World (768). Synonyms of suprageneric taxa, and synonyms of genera that are frequently recognized as distinct, are also cited. Strictly Old World suprageneric taxa were added to the classification arrangement in 2011 for all subfamilies.
Our classification builds on those of Clayton & Renvoize (1986), Tzvelev (1976, 1989), Watson & Dallwitz (1992), Grass Phylogeny Working Group (2001), for Bambuseae and allies, Soderstrom & Ellis (1987 [1988]), and for New World Poaceae, the four volumes of the Catalogue of New World Grasses (2000-2003, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. vols. 39, 41, 46 & 48), all those that have gone before, and many newer works including, for Paniceae and Paspaleae (Morrone et al. 2012), Andropogoneae (Estep et al., 2014), Arundinoideae (Teisher 2017), Bambusoideae (BPG: Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2012, Kelchner & BPG 2013, Wong et al. 2016, Vorontsova et al. 2017), Chloridoideae (Peterson et al. 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016), Danthonioideae (Linder et al. 2010), Pooideae (Hochbach et al. 2015), Poeae (Barbera et al. in prep, Gillespie et al. 2010, Refulio Rodríguez et al. 2012, Saarela et al. 2010, 2017, Soreng et al. 2015b, Wölk et al. 2015, Wölk & Röser 2014, 2017), Stipeae (Romaschenko et al. 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013).
Our previous classification was published by Soreng et al., 2105 (on-line 23 March 2015), in the Journal of Systemtics and Evoulution: <http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1111/jse.12150>. Kellogg (2015) produced a similar classification of the family in vol. 8 of Kubitzki’s series The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Our classification is revised here, for publication JSE in July of 2017 (Soreng et al. 2017), along with 4 newer subtribes in Chloridoideae (Peterson et al., 2017).
Much of our revision results from many DNA phylogenetic studies over the last 27 years. For bibliographic references see <http://www.tropicos.org/ReferenceSearch.aspx>Advanced Search – Key Words: “Poaceae, DNA”.
For a continually updated listing of accepted genera and recorded synonyms and their authorships see < http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/100019731>. All suprageneric taxa and genera are recorded in Tropicos with their authorships, original place of publication and types, along with historical usage: <http://www.tropicos.org/Home.aspx>. Lists of suprageneric taxa (and others) can be generated in Tropicos using the Advanced Search options under: <http://www.tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx>. A number of older legitimate citations of place and author, and newly recognized groups, and invalid, illegitimate, and unranked names, have been detected since the publication of Genera Graminum (Clayton & Renvoize, 1986). Much work has been done in evaluating the pre-1900 suprageneric nomenclature literature, especially by Jim Reveal (recently, several tribe names were upset by the rediscovery of tribe names by Martinov, 1820, but further evaluation of the original text revealed these were mostly invalid (Welker et al. 2014). The rank of Horaninow (1947) suprageneric names remains unsetteled. For suprageneric taxa accepted as legitimate by Jim Reveal see: <http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/WWW/supragen.html>.
The starting date of the rule that rank terminations themselves (if consistent with oideae, eae and inae ranking for subfamily, tribe and subtribe) determine rank, even if rank was not explicitly stated at the time of publication, extends back to 1887 (previously, the cutoff was 1 Jan 1908; Art. 37.2 Melbourne Code). We have not had time to evaluate the impact of this change for Poaceae. Two other suprageneric ranks sporadically applied here, supertribe and supersubtribe, end in odae and odinae, respectively. Also, authorship of names of suprageneric taxa transferred from one rank to another no longer include the original authors (parenthetically) (Art. 49.2), even if the transfer would be invalid without the citation of the basionym or replaced synonym (Art. 41.20). In the latter case we consider such changes of rank as replacement names (nom. novs.), otherwise the place of validation gets lost. This is not done if a suprageneric name is validly published for the first time.
Accepted suprageneric
names appear in
bold
type. The indigenous
range of
each genus
is colored
as follows: Western Hemisphere,
Eurasia (including genera that
in Africa
are exclusively Mediterranean, but not exclusively African), Australasia, Africa.
Genera with bimodal
distributions are bicolored,
those with
broader distributions tricolored,
or are
red
if more widely
distributed. Genera in synonymy (syn.
– …..)
are colored if the accepted
genus is
more widely distributed, i.e., in more than one area. Genera
in italics have
been sampled in DNA studies.
Comments and C3
and C4 photosynthetic pathways are in brackets { }.
Publication dates for suprageneric taxa appear
in square
brackets [
].
__________________________________________________________________________________________
superorder Lilianae Takht.
order Poales Small
family Poaceae Barnhart
[1895] (nom. alt.:
Gramineae Juss. [1789])
subfamily Anomochlooideae
Pilg. ex Potztal [1957]
(syn. –
Streptochaetoideae Butzin
[1965]) {all C3}:
tribe Anomochloeae C.E. Hubb. [1934]: Anomochloa.
tribe Streptochaeteae C.E. Hubb. [1934]: Streptochaeta.
subfamily Pharoideae
L.G. Clark
& Judz. [1996]
(syn. –
subfamily Leptaspidoideae C.O.
Morales [1998], supertribe Pharodae L.
Liu [1980]) {all C3}:
tribe Phareae Stapf [1898]
(syn. –
Leptaspideae Tzvelev [1987]):
Leptaspis,
Pharus, Scrotochloa.
subfamily Puelioideae
L.G. Clark,
M. Kobay,
S. Mathews, Spangler &
E.A. Kellogg [2000]
{all C3}:
tribe Atractocarpeae Jacq.-Fél. ex
Tzvelev [1987] (syn.
– tribe Atractocarpeae Jacq.-Fél. [1962, nom.
inval.], Puelieae Soderstr. &
R.P. Ellis [1988], subtribe
Atractocarpinae E.G. Camus [1913], Pueliinae Stapf
[1917]): Puelia (syn. – Atractocarpa).
tribe Guaduelleae Soderstr. &
R.P. Ellis [1988]: Guaduella.
“BOP”
clade
{Clark et
al., 1995;
Clark et
al., 2000,
as BEP} {all
C3}
subfamily Oryzoideae
Kunth ex
Beilschm. [1833] (syn.
– Ehrhartoideae Caro [1982],
Oryzoideae Caro [1982,
isonym]; Ehrhartinae Link
[1827, invalid], Oryzeae Burmeist. [1837,
unranked]) {all
C3}:
incertae sedis:
Suddia
{probably Phyllorachideae}.
tribe Streptogyneae C. E. Hubb. ex
C. E.
Calderón & Soderstr.
[1980] (syn. – tribe
Streptogyneae C.E. Hubb. [1956, nom.
inval.]; subtribe Streptogyninae Pilg. ex
Potztal [1969]): Streptogyna.
tribe Ehrharteae Nevski [1937]:
Ehrharta, Microlaena, Tetrarrhena, Zotovia {genera okay in Verboom
et al., 2003, except for placement of one species of Microlaena;
more study is needed}.
tribe Oryzeae Dumort. [1824]
(syn. –
Zizanieae Hitchc. [1920]):
subtribe Oryzinae Griseb. [1853]
(syn. – Oryzeae Horan. [1847 {rank tribe or
subtribe?}]): Leersia, Maltebrunia, Oryza (syn. – Porteresia),Prosphytochloa.
subtribe Zizaniinae Benth. [1881]
(syn. –
Luziolinae Terrell &
H. Rob.
[1974]): Chikusichloa,
Hygroryza, Luziola,
Potamophila,
Rhynchoryza, Zizania, Zizaniopsis.
tribe Phyllorachideae C.E. Hubb. [1939] {may
be better
in Oryzeae
as a subtribe}: Humbertochloa,
Phyllorachis.
subfamily Bambusoideae
Luerss. [1893]
(syn. –
Olyroideae Pilg. [1956],
Parianoideae Butzin [1965])
{all C3}:
tribe Arundinarieae Asch. &
Graebn. [1902] (syn.
– supertribe Arundinariodae L. Liu [1980]; tribes
Chimonocalameae Keng f. [1982, nom.
inval.], Shibataeeae Nakai [1933]):
subtribe Arundinariinae Nees ex Lindl. [1836]
(syn. –
Aruninariinae Benth. [1881,
isonym], Hack. [1887,
isonym], Phyllostachydinae Keng f. [1992], Pleioblastinae Keng & Keng f. [1959], Sasinae
Keng. f.
[1992], Shibataeinae Soderstr. &
R.P. Ellis [1988], Sinobambusinae
Z.B. Wang
[1987], Thamnocalaminae Keng. f. [1992]): Acidosasa, Ampelocalamus (s.s.), Arundinaria,
Bashania, Bergbambos,
Chimonobambusa
(syn. –
Menstruocalamus, Oreocalamus, Qiongzhuea), Chimonocalamus,
Drepanostachyum, Fargesia
(syn. – Borinda, Sinarundinaria), Ferrocalamus, Gaoligongshania,
Gelidocalamus, Himalayacalamus, Indocalamus (s.s.), Indosasa, Kuruna,
Oldeania, Oligostachyum,
Phyllostachys (s.s.),
Pleioblastus
(syn. –
Nipponocalamus, Polyanthus), Pseudosasa
(syn. –
Yadakeya), Sarocalamus, Sasa
(syn. – Neosasamorpha), Sasaella, Sasamorpha, Semiarundinaria (syn. – Brachystachyum), Shibataea, Sinobambusa,
Thamnocalamus
s.s, Vietnamocalamus,
Yushania.
tribe Olyreae Kunth ex Spenn. [1825]
(syn. –
supertribe Olyrodae Soderstr. & R.P. Ellis [1987
{1988}]; tribes Buergersiochloeae
S.T. Blake
[1946], Parianeae C.E.
Hubb. [1934]).
subtribe Buergersiochloinae L.G. Clark & Judz.
[2007]: Buergersiochloa.
subtribe Olyrinae Kromb. [1875]
(syn. – Olyreae Horan. [1847 {rank tribe or
subtribe?}]: Agnesia, Arberella, Cryptochloa, Diandrolyra, Ekmanochloa,
Froesiochloa, Lithachne, Maclurolyra,
Mniochloa, Olyra, Parodiolyra, Piresiella,
Raddia, Raddiella,
Rehia, Reitzia (syn. – Piresia), Sucrea.
subtribe Parianinae Hack. [1887]:
Eremitis, Pariana,
Parianella.
tribe Bambuseae Kunth ex Dumort. [1829]
(syn. –
supertribe Bambusodae L. Liu [1980]; tribes
Arthrostylidieae E.G. Camus [1913], Baccifereae E.G.
Camus [1913, nom.
inval.], Chusqueae E.G.
Camus [1913], Hickelieae
A. Camus
[1935, nom. inval.],
Oxytenanthereae Tzvelev [1987]):
subtribe Melocanninae Benth. [1881]
(syn. –
Schizostachydinae Soderstr. &
R.P. Ellis [1988]): Annamocalamus, Cephalostachyum
(syn. – Leptocanna),
Davidsea, Melocanna,
Neohouzeaua, Ochlandra,
Pseudostachyum, Schizostachyum
(syn. – Dendrochloa, Teinostachyum), Stapletonia.
subtribe Hickeliinae A. Camus [1924] (syn.
– Nastinae
Soderstr. & R.P. Ellis
[1988]): Cathariostachys,
Decaryochloa, Hickelia
(syn. – Pseudocoix),
Hitchcockella, Nastus
(syn. – Oreiostachys),
Perrierbambus, Sirochloa, Sokinochloa,
Valiha.
subtribe Bambusinae J. Presl [1830] (syn.
– Dendrocalaminae Benth. [1881]):
Bambusa (syn. – Dendrocalamopsis, Neosinocalamus,
Pseudobambusa),
Bonia, Cochinchinochloa,
Dendrocalamus
(syn. –
Klemachloa, Sellulocalamus, Sinocalamus), Fimbribambusa,
Gigantochloa, Maclurochloa, Melocalamus,
Neomicrocalamus, Oreobambos, Oxytenanthera (syn. – Houzeaubambus, Scirpobambus), Phuphanochloa,
Pseudoxytenanthera, Soejatmia, Thyrsostachys,
Vietnamosasa,
Yersinochloa.
subtribe Racemobambosinae Stapleton [1984]: Chloothamnus (syn. –
Oreiostachys), Racemobambos
s.s., Widjajachloa.
subtribe Dinochloinae K.M. Wong & W.L. Goh [2016]:
Cyrtochloa,Dinochloa,Mullerochloa, Neololeba,
Pinga, Parabambusa,
Sphaerobambos.
subtribe Greslaniinae K.M. Wong & W.L. Goh [2016]:
Greslania.
subtribe Holttumochloinae K.M. Wong & W.L. Goh [2016]: Holttumochloa, Kinabaluchloa, Nianhochloa.
subtribe Temburongiinae K.M. Wong [2016]: Temburongia.
incertae
sedis: Ruhooglandia, Temochloa.
subtribe Chusqueinae Soderstr. &
R.P. Ellis [1988] (syn. – Neurolepidinae Soderstr. &
R.P. Ellis [1988]): Chusquea
(syn. – Neurolepis, Platonia, Rettbergia, Swallenochloa).
subtribe Guaduinae Soderstr. &
R.P. Ellis [1988]: Apoclada, Eremocaulon (syn. – Criciuma), Guadua,
Olmeca, Otatea.
subtribe Arthrostylidiinae Soderstr. &
R.P. Ellis [1988]: Actinocladum, Alvimia,
Arthrostylidium, Athroostachys, Atractantha,
Aulonemia
(syn. – Matudacalamus), Cambajuva,
Colanthelia, Didymogonyx, Elytrostachys,
Filgueirasia, Glaziophyton, Merostachys,
Myriocladus, Rhipidocladum.
subfamily Pooideae
Benth. [1861]
(syn. –
Secaloideae Rouy [1913];
Agrostidoideae Kunth ex Beilschm. [1833]; Hordeaceae Burmeist. [1837,
unranked], Phalarideae Burmeist. [1837,
unranked], Stipaceae Burmeist. [1837,
unranked]) {all
C3}:
tribe Brachyelytreae Ohwi [1941]
(syn. –
subtribe Brachyelytrinae Ohwi
[1942]): Brachyelytrum.
supertribe
Nardodae Soreng [2017] {Nardeae
+ Lygeeae}:
tribe Nardeae W.D.J. Koch.
[1837] (syn. – subtribe Nardinae Kromb.
[1875]): Nardus.
tribe Lygeeae J. Presl [1846] (syn.
– subtribe
Lygeinae Röser [2009],
Spartineae Trin. [1824,
nom. inval.,
based on
Lygeum]): Lygeum.
tribe Duthieeae Röser &
Jul.Schneider [2011], subtribe
Duthieinae Pilg. ex
Potztal [1969]): Anisopogon, Danthoniastrum,
Duthiea s.s. (s.l.,
syn. – Triavenopsis), Metcalfia, Pappagrostis, Pseudodanthonia, Sinochasea,
Stephanachne.
tribe Phaenospermateae Renvoize &
Clayton [1985]: Phaenosperma {reticulate;
see Hochbach et
al., 2015}.
supertribe
Melicodae Soreng [2017] {Brylkineae
+ Meliceae}:
tribe Brylkinieae Tateoka [1960]
{sister to Meliceae}
(syn. – subtribe
Brylkiniinae Ohwi [1941]):
Brylkinia.
tribe Meliceae Link ex Endl. [1830]
(syn. –
Glycerieae Link ex Endl. [1830]
{sister to
Brylkinieae};
subtribe Glyceriinae Dumort. [1869],
Melicinae Fr. [1835]):
Glyceria,
Koordersiochloa (syn. – Streblochaete), Lycochloa, Melica, Pleuropogon, Schizachne, Triniochloa.
supertribe
Stipodae L.
Liu [1980]
{Stipeae + Amplelodesmeae}:
tribe Ampelodesmeae Tutin [1978]
(syn. –
Ampelodesminae Conert [1961]):
Ampelodesmos
{reticulate, apparently
an ancient
hybrid between parents
from Stipeae and
Duthieeae; see Romaschenko
et al.,
2012; Hochbach et
al. 2015}.
tribe Stipeae Dumort. [1824]
(syn. – subtribe Stipinae Griseb.
[1846]; Aciachninae
Caro [1982], Ortachninae Caro
[1982]): Achnatherum
(syn. – Aristella) {Eurasian/African only, Western
Hemisphere species are
in limbo,
none belong in
Achnatherum
s.s., most are
Eriocoma
but not yet transferred}, Aciachne,
Amelichloa
{nested within Nassella, but an intergeneric hybrid origin
has not
been ruled
out}, Anatherostipa (syn. – Nicoraella),
Anemanthele, Austrostipa, Celtica,
Eriocoma
{incl. most American
spp. of
Achnatherum}, Hesperostipa, Jarava,
Lorenzochloa, Macrochloa,
Nassella, Oloptum,
Ortachne, Orthoraphium,
Oryzopsis, Pappostipa,
Patis,
Piptochaetium, Piptatheropsis, Piptatherum,
Psammochloa, Ptilagrostis, Stipa,
Stipellula (Stipella
nom. illeg. hom.),
Timouria, Trikeraia.
tribe Diarrheneae C.S. Campb.
[1985] (syn. – subtribe Diarrheninae Ohwi [1941]):
Diarrhena, Neomolinia.
tribe Brachypodieae Harz [1880]
(syn. –
subtribe Brachypodiinae Hack. [1887];
Brachypodieae Hayek [1925,
isonym]): Brachypodium
(syn. – Trachynia).
supertribe
Poodae
L. Liu [1980] (syn. – Poodae T.D.
Macfarl. & L. Watson [1982],
isonym {tribe Poeae
only}):
tribe Poeae R.Br. [1814]
(syn. –
Agrostideae Martinov [1820]
{as Koleno
= tribe,
indirect ref. to Kunth}, Agrostideae Dumort. [1824],
Airopsideae Gren. &
Godr. [1855], Alopecureae W.D.J. Koch[1837], Anthoxantheae Link ex Endl. [1830],
Aveneae Dumort. [1824],
Beckmannieae Nevski [1937],
Calamagrostideae Trin. [1824],
Cinneae Ohwi [1941],
Coleantheae Husn. [1896],
Cynosureae Dumort. [1824],
Dupontieae A. Löve & D. Löve, [1961,
nom. nud.], Festuceae
Dumort. [1824], Gaudinieae Rouy
[1913], Graphephoreae Hyl. [1953],
Hainardieae Greuter [1967],
Holceae J.
Presl [1846], Lolieae
Link ex
Endl. [1830], Koelerieae Schur
[1866, nom. nud.],
Milieae Link ex Endl. [1830],
Phalarideae Kunth [1829],
Phleeae Dumort. [1824],
Scolochloeae Tzvelev [1968],
Seslerieae W.D.J. Koch
[1837], Triseteae Gren.
& Godr. [1855],
Vilfeae Trin. [1824]):
Poeae CHLOROPLAST
GROUP 1
(Aveneae type)
{Soreng et al., 2007}:
subtribe Torreyochloinae Soreng &
J.I Davis
[2003]: Amphibromus, Torreyochloa.
subtribe Aveninae J. Presl [1830] (syn.
– Gaudiniinae Holub ex Tzvelev [1976,
nom. nud.], Graphephorinae Asch. &
Graebn. [1900], Koeleriinae Asch. &
Graebn. [1900]): Acrospelion, Arrhenatherum,
Avellinia, Avena,
Cinnagrostis (syn.
– Leptophyllochloa)
{“Deyeuxia” of Western Hemisphere p.p.}, Gaudinia
(syn. – Trichaeta), Graphephorum
{reticulate}, Helictotrichon
s.s. (syn. – Pseudarrhenathrum; excl. Avenula and Helictochloa), Koeleria
(syn. – Parafestuca), Lagurus, Peyritschia,
Rostraria
s.s. {reticulate in
type spp.
only}, Sphenopholis,
Tricholemma, Trisetaria s.s., Trisetum s.s., Trisetopsis {reticulate}, Tzveleviochloa {reticulate}.
subtribe Phalaridinae Fr. [1835]:
Phalaris (syn. –
Baldingera,
Phalaroides,
Typhoides).
subtribe Anthoxanthinae A. Gray [1856] (syn.
– Foenodorinae Krause [1909,
nom. inval.]): Anthoxanthum
(syn. – Ataxia, Hierochloe).
supersubtribe: Agrostidodinae Soreng [2017]: {Brizinae
+ Calothecinae + Dichelachninae + Agrostidinae}:
subtribe Brizinae Tzvelev s.s.
[1968]: Airopsis,
Briza
(syn. – Macrobriza;
excl. Brizochloa).
subtribe Echinopogoninae Soreng [2017]:
Ancistragrostis {tentatively
placed here}, Dichelachne {apparently reticulate with Calamagrostis s.s.}, Echinopogon,Pentapogon
{GenBank DNA data
for placement among
Danthonioid or Arundinoid needs
verification}, Relchela.
subtribe Calothecinae Soreng [2015]:
Chascolytrum
(syn. – Calotheca, Erianthecium, Gymnachne, Lombardochloa, Microbriza, Poidium, Rhombolytrum).
subtribe Agrostidinae Fr. [1835] (syn. – Calamagrostidinae Lindl. [1836,
nom. nud.], Vilfinae
Steud. [1854];
Chaeturaceae Link [1827,
unranked]): Agrostis
(syn. – Chaetopogon, Neoschischkinia,
Notonema),
Bromidium {may be related to Dichelachne},Calamagrostis
p.p. (syn.
– Ammophila, Deyeuxia) {polyphyletic
in Western
Hemisphere, see Cinnagrostis, Deschampsia}, Chaetotropis
{reticulate}, Hypseochloa
{odd here},
Gastridium, Lachnagrostis
{reticulate}, Limnodea,
Podagrostis {reticulate},
Polypogon
{reticulate}, Triplachne.
Poeae CHLOROPLAST
GROUP 2
(Poeae type)
{Soreng et al., 2007}:
subtribe Scolochloinae Tzvelev [1987]
{this subtribe seems
to share
plastids with the classical Poeae
and nrDNA
with early
GROUP 1
Aveninae}: Dryopoa,
Scolochloa.
subtribe Sesleriinae Parl. [1845]
(syn. –
Miborinae Asch. &
Graebn. [1899]) {this
subtribe seems to share plastids
with the
old Poeae
and nrDNA
with early
Aveninae GROUP 1 above}: Mibora, Echinaria,
Oreochloa, Sesleria,
Sesleriella.
subtribe Airinae Fr. [1835] (syn. – Corynephorinae V. Jirásek & Chrtek
[1962]) {a heterogenous subtribe with
no satisfactory resolution}: Aira,
Antinoria, Avenella, Corynephorus,
Helictochloa {incl. Avenula
p.p. non-typica, A. subg. Pratavenastrum}, Molineriella, Periballia.
subtribe Holcinae Dumort. [1868]:
Holcus, Vahlodea.
subtribe Aristaveninae F. Albers & Butzin
[1977] (syn. – Deschampsinae Holub [1958,
nom. nud.], Scribneriinae Soreng
& J.I. Davis [2003]):
Deschampsia
s.s. (syn.
– Aristavena, Scribneria, Stylagrostis) {excl.
Avenella}.
supersubtribe Loliodinae Soreng [2017]
{Loliinae + Dactylidinae + Cynosurinae +
Ammochloinae + Parapholiinae}:
subtribe Loliinae Dumort. [1829]
(syn. –
Festucinae J. Presl [1830], Psilurinae Pilg.
ex Potztal
[1969]): Castellia,
Drymochloa, Festuca (syn. – Ctenopsis, Dielsiochloa,
Helleria E.
Fourn., Hellerochloa,
Loliolum, Micropyrum,
Narduroides, Psilurus,
Vulpia, Wangenheimia), Leucopoa (syn. –
Xanthochloa), Lolium
(syn.
– Micropyropsis, Schedonorus), Megalachne, Patzkea,
Podophorus, Pseudobromus {the latter seems odd here. DNA data show a long branch, but
outgroup selection has
not clarified its
placement}.
subtribe Dactylidinae Stapf [1898]:
Dactylis, Lamarckia.
subtribe Cynosurinae Fr. [1835]:
Cynosurus.
subtribe Ammochloinae Tzvelev [1976]:
Ammochloa.
subtribe Parapholiinae Caro [1982]
(syn. –
Monerminae Tzvelev [1987,
nom. inval.]): Agropyropsis, Catapodium,
Cutandia, Desmazeria,
Hainardia, Parapholis,
Sphenopus, Vulpiella.
PPAM
clade
{Gillespie et al. 2008, 2010; Soreng et al. 2015b} {Coleanthinae + Poodinae + Avenula}:
incertae sedis:
Avenula (syn. – Homalotrichon, Neoholubia) {s.s., p.p. typica
– A. pubescens;
excl. Helictochloa. Avenula s.s. is a floater, apparently allied to the set of Coleanthinae
and Poodinae}.
subtribe Coleanthinae Rouy [1913]
(syn. –
Puccinelliinae Soreng &
Davis [2003]): Catabrosa, Catabrosella,
Coleanthus,
Colpodium (syn. – Keniochloa),
Hyalopoa
{apparently heterogenous},
Paracolpodium
{apparently heterogenous},
Phippsia,
Puccinellia
(syn. –
Pseudosclerochloa), Sclerochloa, Zingeria {probably best
united with Colpodium
s.s.}.
supersubtribe Poodinae Soreng & L.J. Gillespie [2017]
{Poinae + Miliinae + Phleinae + Beckmanniinae + Cinninae + Alopecurinae +
Ventenatinae + DAD & HSAQN clades + Arctopoa + Brizochloa}:
-incertae sedis:
Arctopoa
{an ancient hybrid genus with a Poa plastid
and nrDNA from something related
to Cinna},
Brizochloa {usually placed
in Briza}; DAD
clade {hybrid between an ancient taxon
allied to
Alopecurinae and an ancient Poodinae
taxon sensu Soreng
et al.
2015b}: Arctophila, Dupontia, Dupontiopsis; HSAQN clade
{Gillespie et al. 2010, Kellogg
2015}: Arctagrostis, Hookerochloa (syn. – Festucella),
Nicoraepoa
{one known hybrid with
Poa}, Saxipoa, Sylvipoa.
subtribe
Poinae Dumort. s.s. [1829]:
Poa
(syn. – Anthochloa, Aphanelytrum,
Austrofestuca, Dissanthelium, Eremopoa,
Libyella, Lindbergella,
Neuropoa, Ochlopoa,
Oreopoa, Parodiochloa,
Raimundochloa, Tovarochloa, Tzvelevia).
subtribe
Miliinae
Dumort. [1829] {sister
to Poa
or Phleum
in plastid
analyses; nrDNA
analyses are equivocal for placing it within Poodinae versus sister to Coleanthinae}: Milium.
subtribe
Phleinae Dumort. [1868]:
Phleum (syn. – Maillea).
subtribe
Beckmanniinae Nevski [1937]:
Beckmannia,
Pholiurus, Pseudophleum,
Rhizocephalus.
subtribe
Cinninae Caruel. [1892]:
Agrostopoa {tentatively
placed here}, Aniselytron
{ancient hybrid, with Cinna
like plastids and different copies of nrDNA aligning near Cinna
and early
Poa},
Cinna,
Cyathopus, Simplicia.
subtribe
Alopecurinae Dumort. [1829]:
Alopecurus,
Cornucopiae, Limnas.
subtribe Ventenatinae Holub ex L.J. Gillespie,
Cabi &
Soreng: Apera,
Bellardiochloa, Gaudiniopsis, Nephelochloa,
Parvotrisetum, Ventenata
(syn. – Pilgerochloa).
supertribe
Triticodae
T.D. Macfarl. &
L. Watson
[1982] {Littledaleeae + Bromeae + Triticeae}:
tribe Littledaleeae Soreng &
J.I. Davis
[2015] (syn. – subtribe
Littledaleinae Röser [2009]:
Littledalea
{this isolated genus
appears to
be the
sister to
Bromeae plus Triticeae}. {reticulate}
tribe Bromeae Dumort. [1824]
(syn. – subtribe Brominae Dumort.
[1829]): Bromus
(syn. – Anisantha, Boissiera,
Bromopsis,
Ceratochloa, Nevskiella, Stenofestuca, Trisetobromus).
tribe Triticeae Dumort. [1824]
(syn. –
tribes Aegilopineae Orb. [1841],
Hordeeae Kunth ex Spenn. [1825],
Frumenteae E.H.L. Krause [1903,
nom. illeg.], Secaleinae Rchb.
[1828, unranked]; –
subtribesAegilopinae Nevski
[1933]), Agropyrinae Nevski [1933],
Clinelyminae Nevski [1933,
nom. illeg.], Elyminae Benth.
[1881], Henrardiinae C.E. Hubb. [1948], Hordeinae Dumort. [1829],
Roegneriinae Nevski [1933],
Triticinae Fr. [1835]) {many of
the genera are reticulate in origin}: Agropyron,
Anthosachne
{reticulate}, Australopyrum, Connorochloa {reticulate}, Crithopsis,
Douglasdewya
{reticulate}, Elymus
(syn. – Campeiostachys, Elytrigia,
Hystrix,
Roegneria, Sitanion) {reticulate}, Eremopyrum,
Festucopsis, Henrardia,
Heteranthelium, Hordelymus
{reticulate}, Hordeum
(syn. – Critesion), Kengyilia
{reticulate}, Leymus
(syn. – Aneurolepidium, Eremium,
Macrohystrix, Microhystrix) {reticulate}, Pascopyrum {reticulate}, Peridictyon,
Psathyrostachys, Pseudoroegneria,
Secale, Stenostachys {reticulate}, Taeniatherum; (Triticum
subclade): Aegilops,
Amblyopyrum, Dasypyrum,
Thinopyrum
{reticulate}, Triticum
{reticulate}.
“PACMAD”
clade
{Sánchez-Ken &
Clark, 2010; also known as PACC (Davis
& Soreng, 1993),
PACCAD (GPWG, 2001),
or PACCMAD
(Sánchez-Ken et al. 2007)} {Cotton
et al.
2015 resolve Panicoideae at
the base
of PACMAD and Aristidoideae as
sister to
sister to
CMAD but
a basal
position for Aristidoideae was resolved
by Teisher
(2016, 2017) and
others, see also Burke
et al.
2016}
subfamily Aristidoideae
Caro [1982]:
tribe Aristideae C.E. Hubb. [1960]: Aristida
{C4, one C3}, Sartidia
{C3},
Stipagrostis {C4}.
subfam. Panicoideae
A. Braun
[1864] (syn. − Andropogonoideae Rouy [1913],
Centothecoideae Soderst. [1981];
Andropogineae Burmeist. [1837,
unranked], Paniceae Burmeist. [1837,
unranked], Paniceae Link
[1827, unranked], Rottboelliaceae Burmeist. [1837,
unranked], Panicinae Horan. [1847 {rank tribe or
subfam.?}]):
incertae sedis
{clade at
base of
Panicoideae; fide Teisher 2017}: Alloeochaete,
Dichaetaria.
incertae sedis:
Chandrasekharania {C3}
{treated in Arundinellae
by Clayton
& Renvoize, 1986}.
tribe Thysanolaeneae C.E. Hubb. [1934] {possibly
better as subtribe within
Centotheceae} {C3}: Thysanolaena.
tribe Cyperochloeae L. Watson & Dallwitz
ex Sánchez-Ken & L.G. Clark [2010]
(syn. –
Cyperochloeae L. Watson & Dallwitz
[1992, nom. nud.])
{possibly better as subtribe within Centotheceae}
{C3}: Cyperochloa, Spartochloa.
tribe Centotheceae Ridl. [1907]
(subtribe Centothecinae Benth. [1881])
{C3}: Centotheca, Megastachya.
tribe Chasmanthieae W.V. Br. & B.N. Smith ex Sánchez-Ken & L.G. Clark [2010]
{C3}: Chasmanthium (syn. – Gouldochloa, Bromuniola).
tribe Zeugiteae Sánchez-Ken & L.G. Clark [2010]
(syn. –
subtribe Zeugitinae Caro
[1982]) {sister to Chasmanthieae}
{C3}: Chevalierella, Lophatherum,
Orthoclada, Zeugites (syn. – Calderonella, Pohlidium).
tribe Steyermarkochloeae Davidse &
R.P. Ellis
[1984] {DNA places with Chasmanthieae s.l. or Tristachyideae, the placement
remains tentative} {C3}: Arundoclaytonia,
Steyermarkochloa.
tribe Tristachyideae Sánchez-Ken & L.G. Clark [2010]
(syn. –
subtribe Trichopteryginae Jacq.-Fél.
[1962, nom. inval.])
{C4}: Danthoniopsis, Dilophotriche,
Gilgiochloa, Loudetia, Loudetiopsis, Trichopteryx, Tristachya, Zonotriche.
tribe Gynerieae Sánchez-Ken & L.G. Clark [2001]
{C3}: Gynerium.
tribe Lecomtelleae Pilg. ex
Potztal [1957] (syn.
– subtribe Lecomtellinae Pilg. [1940]):
Lecomtella {possibly sister to
Panicodae + Andropogonodae} {C3}.
Supertribe Panicodae L. Liu [1980]:
tribe Paniceae R.Br. [1814]
(syn. –
Cenchreae Rchb. [1828,
unranked], Digitarieae J.J.
Schmitz & Regel[1841], Paniceae Horan.
[1847{rank tribe or subtribe?}], Spinificeae
Dumort. [1829], Melinideae Hitchc. [1920],
Boivinelleae A. Camus [1925], Anthephoreae Pilg. ex
Potztal [1957], Trachideae Pilg.
Ex Potztal
[1957], Cyphochlaeneae Bosser [1965],
Neurachneae S.T. Blake [1972]):
incertae sedis:
Chloachne
{C3}, Hydrothauma
{C3}, Hylebates {C4}, Kellochloa
{C3}, Oryzidium
{C4}, Sacciolepis {C3}, Thedachloa,
Trichanthecium {C3}.
subtribe Anthephorinae Benth. [1881]
(syn. –
Digitariinae Butzin [1972];
Trachidinae Pilg. [1940,
nom. inval.], Trachydastrae Stapf [1917]):
Anthephora {C4}, Chaetopoa
{C4}, Chlorocalymma {C4},
Digitaria (syn. – Megaloprotachne) {C4},
Taeniorhachis
{C4?}, Tarigidia {C4}, Thyridachne
{C3}, Trachys {C4}.
subtribe Dichantheliinae Zuloaga [2014]
{C3}: Adenochloa,
Dichanthelium.
subtribe Boivinellinae Pilg. [1940]:
Acroceras
{C3}, Alloteropsis
(syn. – Coridochloa) {mixed C3
C4}. Amphicarpum {C3}, Chasechloa,
Cyphochlaena
{C3}, Cyrtococcum {C3}, Echinochloa {C4}, Entolasia
{C3}, Lasiacis
{C3}, Mayariochloa {C4},
Morronea
{C3}, Microcalamus
{C3}, Oplismenus {C3}, Ottochloa {C3}, Parodiophyllochloa {C3}, Poecilostachys {p.p}
{C3}, Pseudechinolaena
{C3}, Setiacis {segregate of Acroceras, GenBank
DNA odd}.
subtribe Neurachninae Clayton &
Renvoize [1986]: Ancistrachne
{C3}, Calyptochloa
{C3}, Cleistochloa
{C3}, Neurachne {C4 and mixed C3
C4}, Paraneurachne {C4},
Thyridolepis
{C3}.
incertae sedis {clade of ambiguous placement among
latter set
of subtribes}: Homopholis
(syn. –
Walwhalleya
{C4}) {C3 and
C4}.
subtribe Melinidinae Stapf [1917,
as Melinidastrae] (syn. – Brachiariinae Butzin [1970],
Thuarinae Ohwi [1942],
Tristegininae Harv. [1869,
nom. illeg.]; Melinidinae Pilg. [1940])
{C4}: Chaetium,
Eccoptocarpha, Eriochloa, Leucophrys, Megathyrsus
(syn. –
Pseudobrachiaria?), Melinis
(syn. – Mildbraediochloa, Rhynchelytrum), Moorochloa, Rupichloa,
Scutachne, Thuarea,
Tricholaena,
Urochloa
(syn. – Brachiaria
s.s), Yvesia.
subtribe Panicinae Fr. [1835]:
Louisiella
{C4}, Panicum
(syn. – Arthragrostis {C4},
Yakirra
{C4}) {all C4, some C3 &
C4?}.
subtribe Cenchrinae Dumort. [1829]
(syn. –
Pennisetinae Rchb. [1828,
unranked], Setariinae Dumort. [1829];
Pseudoraphidinae Keng & Keng f. [1990], Snowdeniinae Butzin [1972],
Spinificinae Owhi [1942],
Uranthoeciinae Butzin [1970],
Xerochloinae Butzin [1970]):
Acritochaete
{C3}, Alexfloydia {C4},
Cenchrus
(syn. –
Cenchropsis, Echinaria
Heist. ex Fabr., Kikuyuochloa,
Nastus
Lunell, Odontelytrum, Pennisetum,
Snowdenia)
{C4}, Chamaeraphis {C4},
Dissochondrus
{Hawaii} {C4}, Holcolemma {C3}, Hygrochloa
{C4}, Ixophorus
{C4}, Paractaenum, {C4}
Paratheria
{C4}, Plagiosetum {C4},
Pseudochaetochloa
{C4}, Pseudoraphis {C4}, Setaria
(syn. – Camusiella, Paspalidium) {C4}, Setariopsis
{C4}, Spinifex
{C4}, Stenotaphrum
{C4}, Stereochlaena {C4},
Streptolophus
{C4}, Uranthoecium {C4},Whiteochloa {C4},
Xerochloa {C4},
Zuloagaea {C4},
Zygochloa
{C4}.
supertribe
Andropogonodae
L. Liu [1980]
{Paspaleae + Arundinelleae +
Andropogoneae}:
tribe Paspaleae J. Presl [1830] (syn.
– Arthropogoneae Pilg. ex Butzin [1972]):
incertae sedis:
Reynaudia
{basal to the other subtribes}
{C4}.
subtribe Paspalinae Griseb. [1846]
(syn. –
Paspalinae Griseb.[1853], Paspalidinae Keng & Keng f, ex S.L. Chen & Y.X. Jin [1984], Reimarochloinae Caro [1982]):
Aakia {C4},
Acostia
{C4}, Anthaenantia
(syn. –Leptocoryphium) {C4}, Anthaenantiopsis {C4},
Axonopus (syn. – Centrochloa, Ophiochloa) {C4}, Baptorhachis
{C4}, Echinolaena
{C3}, Gerritea
{C3}, Hildaea {C3}, Hopia {C4}, Ichnanthus
{C3}, Ocellochloa
{C3}, Oedochloa {C3}, Osvaldoa
{C4}, Paspalum
(syn. – Thrasya, Thrasyopsis,
Reimarochloa, Spheneria) {C4}, Renvoizea {C3}, Streptostachys
{C3}.
subtribe Otachyriinae Butzin [1970]:
Hymenachne
(syn. – Aconisia, Dallwatsonia) {C3}, Otachyrium {C3}, Plagiantha {C3}, Rugoloa
{C3}, Steinchisma (syn. – Cliffordiochloa, Fasciculochloa) {C3 and mixed C3
C4}.
subtribe Arthropogoninae Butzin [1972]:
Achlaena {C4},
Altoparadisium
{C4}, Apochloa
{C3}, Arthropogon {C4},
Canastra
{C3}, Coleataenia
(syn. – Sorengia)
{C4}, Cyphonanthus {C4},
Homolepis
{C3 and mixed C3 C4?}, Keratochlaena
(syn. – Sclerochlamys) {C4}, Mesosetum
{C4}, Oncorachis
{C4}, Oplismenopsis
{C3}, Phanopyrum
{C3}, Stephostachys
{C3}, Tatianyx {C4}, Triscenia {C3}.
tribe Arundinelleae Stapf [1898]
(syn. –
tribe Garnotieae Tateoka [1957];
subtribe Arundinellinae Honda [1930],
Garnotiinae Pilg. [1956]):
Arundinella
{C4}, Garnotia
{C4}, Jansenella
{C3}.
tribe Andropogoneae Dumort. [1824]
(syn. –
Sacchareae Dumort. [1824],
Coiceae Nakai [1943],
Euchlaeneae Nakai [1943],
Imperateae Godr. &
Gren. [1855], Maydeae
Dumort. [1824, nom.
illeg.], Ophiureae Dumort. [1824],
Rottboellieae Kunth [1829],
Saccharinae Rchb. ex Horan. [1847{rank tribe
or subfam.?}], Tripsaceae C.E.
Hubb. ex
Nakai [1943], Zeeae
Rchb. [1828, unranked], Zeeae
Nakai [1943]) {Papers
by Hodkinson et
al., 2002,
Skendzic et al., 2007, and Estep, et al.2014, portend
lots of
problems for classification within this
tribe} {all C4}:
incertae sedis: Apluda {subtribe Apludinae
Hook.f. [1896]) entangled with
Saccharinae}, Chrysopogon (syn. – Vetiveria)
{Chrysopogon and
Thelepogon
appear to be sisters and
isolated from other tribes}, Eulaliopsis, Microstegium
(syn. – Ischnochloa), Sehima, Thelepogon.
subtribe Arthraxoninae Benth. [1881]:
Arthraxon.
subtribe Tripsacinae Dumort. [1829]
(syn. –
Maydinae Harv. [1868,
nom. illeg.], Vossiastae Stapf
[1917], Zeinae Tzvelev [1968]):
Elionurus
{orth. var. Elyonurus},
Oxyrhachis, Rhytachne,
Tripsacum,
Vossia, Urelytrum, Zea (syn. – Euchlaena).
subtribe Chionachninae Clayton [1981]:
Chionachne,
Cyathorhachis, Polytoca, Sclerachne, Trilobachne.
subtribe Coicinae Rchb. ex Clayton &
Renvoize [1986] (syn.
– Coicinae
Rchb. [1828, unranked]) {Apparently sister to Rottboelliinae}: Coix.
subtribe Rottboelliinae J. Presl [1830] {probably
polyphyletic}: Chasmopodium, Eremochloa,
Glyphochloa, Hackelochloa,
Hemarthria, Heteropholis,
Jardinea {a segregate of Phacelurus},Lasiurus,
Loxodera, Manisuris, Mnesithea, Ophiuros, Phacelurus
(syn. – Thyrsia)
{apparently polyphyletic}, Ratzeburgia, Rottboellia
(syn. – Coelorachis), Thaumastochloa.
subtribe Ischaeminae J. Presl [1830] (syn.
– Dimeriinae Hack ex C.E. Hubb. [1934], Dimeriinae Hack
[1887, nom. nud.]): Andropterum, Dimeria, Ischaemum, Kerriochloa,
Nanooravia {possibly = Dimeria},
Pogonachne, Triplopogon.
subtribe Germainiinae Clayton [1972]
(syn. –
Apocopidinae Keng [1939,
nom. inval.]): Apocopis, Germainia, Lophopogon,
Pogonatherum.
subtribe Saccharinae Griseb. [1846]
(syn. –
Amphilophiastrae Stapf [1917],
Erianthinae Hack. [1883]; Polliniastrae
Stapf [1917], Sorghinae Stapf [1917]
as Sorghastrae; Sorgha Bluff,
Nees &
Schauer [1836, unranked]): Agenium, Asthenochloa,
Cleistachne,
Erianthus, Eriochrysis (syn. – Leptosaccharum),
Euclasta
(syn. – Indochloa), Eulalia s.s. {s.l. is apparently
polyphyletic}, Hemisorghum
{ = Sorghum?}, Homozeugos,
Imperata,
Lasiorhachis, Leptatherum
(syn. – Polliniopsis ),
Miscanthidium, Miscanthus
(syn. – Diandranthus, Rubimons,
Triarrhena, Tenacistachya), Narenga,
Polytrias, Pseudodichanthium,Pseudopogonatherum, Pseudosorghum
{= Eulalia?}, Saccharum s.s., Sclerostachya, Veldkampia, Sorghastrum,
Sorghum
(syn. –
Sarga, Vacoparis),
Tripidium {seems
related to Imperata and Erianthus s.s., probably reticulate},
Trachypogon.
subtribe Andropogoninae J. Presl [1830] (syn.
– Anadelphiastrae Stapf [1917],
Anthistiriinae J. Presl [1830], Bothriochloinae Keng [1939,
nom. inval.], Heteropogonastrae Stapf [1917],
Hyparrheniastrae Stapf [1917],
Hypogyniastrae Stapf [1917],
Schizachyriastrae Stapf [1917],
Themedastrae Stapf [1917]):
Anadelphia, Andropogon (syn. – Hypogynium), Bhidea,
Bothriochloa, Capillipedium, Clausospicula,
Cymbopogon, Dichanthium, Diectomis,
Diheteropogon, Elymandra,
Eremopogon,
Exotheca, Heteropogon, Hyparrhenia, Hyperthelia,
Iseilema,
Lakshimia, Monocymbium, Parahyparrhenia, Pseudanthistiria,
Schizachyrium, Spathia,
Spodiopogon
(syn. – Eccoilopus),
Themeda.
subfamily Arundinoideae
Kunth ex
Beilschm. [1833] (syn.
– tribe Arundinoideae Tateoka [1957,
isonym], Phragmitoideae Parodi [1958,
nom. inval.], Phragmitoideae Parodi ex Caro [1982];
Arundinaceae Burmeist. [1837,
unranked], {sister to Micrairoideae} {C3}:
tribe Arundineae Dumort. [1824]
(syn. –
tribe Amphipogoneae L.
Watson & T.D. Macfarl. [2002];
subtribe Arundininae Miq.
[1857]): Amphipogon (syn. – Diplopogon),
Arundo, Dregeochloa {fide Teisher 2017},
Monachather.
tribe Molinieae Jirásek [1966]:
incertae sedis:
Leptagrostis, Piptophyllum,
Zenkeria.
{Hardion et al. in press, indicate this is near Micraira}
subtribe Crinipinae Conert, [1961]
{emend Linder et al. (1997) on the Crinipoid group;
emend Teisher here}:
Crinipes, Elytrophorus,
Styppeiochloa, and Pratochloa (syn.
– Eragrostis walteri).
subtribe Moliniinae Ohwi [1941]
(syn. –
Phragmiteae Horan. [1847
{rank tribe or subtribe?}] {emend
Teisher here}: Hakonechloa, Molinia,
Moliniopsis, Phragmites.
subfamily Micrairoideae
Pilg. [1956]
{sister to
Arundinoideae}:
tribe Micraireae Pilg. [1956]
{C3}: Micraira.
tribe Eriachneae Eck-Borsboom [1980]: Eriachne
(syn. – Massia,
Pheidochloa {fide Teisher 2016}) {C4}.
tribe Isachneae Benth. [1881]
(syn. –
tribe Hubbardieae C.E. Hubb. [1960]; subtribe
Isachninae Stapf [1898])
{C3}: Coelachne, Heteranthoecia,
Hubbardia, Isachne,
Limnopoa, Sphaerocaryum.
subfamily Danthonioideae
H.P. Linder
& N.P.
Baker [2001] {sister
to Chloridoideae}
{C3}:
incertae
sedis: Danthonidium.
tribe Danthonieae Zotov. [1963]
(syn. –
Cortaderieae Zotov. [1963];
subtribe Cortaderinae Conert [1961],
Danthoniinae Fr. [1835]):
Austroderia, Capeochloa, Chaetobromus,
Chimaerochloa, Chionochloa, Cortaderia (syn. – Lamprothyrsus), Danthonia, Geochloa,
Merxmuellera, Notochloe, Pentameris
(syn. – Pentaschistis, Poagrostis,
Prionanthium),
Phaenanthoecium
{fide Teisher 2017}, Plinthanthesis, Pseudopentameris,
Rytidosperma
(syn. – Monostachya, Notodanthonia,
Pyrrhanthera),
Schismus (syn. – Karroochloa),
Tenaxia, Tribolium.
subfamily Chloridoideae
Kunth ex
Beilschm. [1833] (syn.
– tribe Eragrostoideae Pilg. [1956];
Chlorideae Burmeist [1837,
unranked], Pappophorae Burmeist. [1837,
unranked]) {sister
to Danthonioideae}:
incertae sedis:
Gossweilerochloa,
Indopoa, Lepturopetium,
Myriostachya, Pogonochloa,
Pseudozoysia, Silentvalleya.
tribe Centropodieae P.M. Peterson,
N.P. Barker &
H.P. Linder [2011]:
Centropodia
{C4}, Ellisochloa
{C3}.
tribe Triraphideae P.M. Peterson
[2010] (syn. – subtribe
Triraphidinae Stapf [1917])
{C4}: Habrochloa,
Neyraudia,
Triraphis
(syn. – Nematopoa).
tribe Eragrostideae Stapf [1898]
(syn. – supertribe Eragrostodae L.
Liu [1980]; tribe Unioleae Roshev.
ex C.S. Campb. [1985])
{C4}:
subtribe Cotteinae Reeder [1965]:
Cottea, Enneapogon,
Kaokochloa, Schmidtia.
subtribe Eragrostidinae J. Presl [1830]: Cladoraphis, Eragrostis (syn. – Acamptoclados, Catalepis,
Diandrochloa, Ectrosia,Ectrosiopsis, Harpachne,
Heterachne, Neeragrostis,
Planichloa,
Pogonarthria,
Psammagrostis,
Viguierella),Richardsiella, Steirachne,
Stiburus (syn.
– Triphlebia
Stapf).
subtribe Unioliinae Clayton [1982]:
Entoplocamia, Fingerhuthia,
Tetrachaete, Tetrachne,
Uniola
(syn. – Leptochloopsis).
tribe Zoysieae Benth. [1881]
(syn. –
Spartineae Steele [1847],
Sporoboleae Stapf [1898])
{C4}:
subtribe Sporobolinae Benth. [1881]
(syn. –
Crypsidinae Maire &
Weiler [1953, nom.
inval.], Spartininae Maire &
Weiler [1953, nom.
inval.]): Psilolemma,
Sporobolus
(nom. cons.; syn.
– Calamovilfa, Crypsis, Heleochloa,
Spartina,
Thellungia).
subtribe Zoysiinae Benth. [1878]:
Urochondra, Zoysia.
tribe Cynodonteae Dumort. [1824]
(syn. –
Aeluropodieae Nevski ex Bor [1965],
Chlorideae Rchb.
[1828, unranked], Chlorideae
Trin. [1824, nom.
illeg. superfl, later
than Dumort.,
and included Cynodon],
Jouveae Pilg. [1956],
Leptureae Dumort. [1824,
as Lepiureae], Monermeae C.E.
Hubb. [1948, nom.
inval.], Nazieae Hitchc.
[1920, nom. illeg.],
Pappophoreae Kunth [1829],
Perotideae C.E. Hubb. [1960], Pommereulleae Bor [1960],
Trageae Hitchc. [1927],
Triodieae S.W.L. Jacobs
[2004] {C4}:
incertae sedis:
Kampochloa, Lepturidium,
Sclerodactylon, Vietnamochloa.
subtribe Aeluropodinae P.M. Peterson
[2010] (syn. – Aeluropodinae Jacq.-Fél. [1962, nom.
inval.]): Aeluropus, Odyssea
s.s. {reticulate}.
subtribe Dactylocteniinae P.M. Peterson,
Romasch. & Y. Herrera [2016]:
Acrachne
{reticulate}, Brachychloa,
Dactyloctenium,
Neobouteloua.
subtribe Eleusininae Dumort. [1829]
(syn. –
Astreblinae Clayton [1982],
Chloridinae J. Presl [1830], Cynodontinae Tzvelev [1968],
Diplachninae Rouy [1913],
Lepturinae Benth. [1881],
Monerminae Janch. [1953,
nom. nud.], Pommereullinae Potztal [1969]):
Afrotrichloris, Apochiton, Astrebla,
Austrochloris, Chloris
(syn. – Lintonia, Ochthochloa), Chrysochloa, Coelachyrum
(syn. – Coelachyropsis),
Cynodon, (syn. – Brachyachne)
Daknopholis,
Dinebra
{reticulate} (syn. – Drake-Brockmania, Heterocarpha,
Oxydenia),
Diplachne, Disakisperma
(syn. – Cypholepis),
Eleusine, Enteropogon, Eustachys, Harpochloa,
Leptochloa
(syn. – Trichloris),
Lepturus, Micrachne,
Microchloa
(syn. – Rendlia), Neostapfiella,Oxychloris, Pommereulla,
Rheochloa, Schoenefeldia, Stapfochloa, Tetrapogon (syn. – Saugetia).
subtribe Orcuttiinae P.M. Peterson
& Columbus [2007]:
Neostapfia, Orcuttia
(syn. –
Tuctoria).
subtribe Orininae P.M. Peterson,
Romasch. & Y. Herrera [2016]:
Cleistogenes
(syn. – Kengia),
Orinus.
subtribe Pappophorinae Dumort. [1829]
(syn. –
Tridentinae Keng & Keng f. [1960]): Neesiochloa, Pappophorum,
Tridens
s.s. (syn.
– Antonella).
subtribe Triodiinae Benth. [1881]:
Triodia
(syn. – Monodia, Plectrachne,
Symplectrodia).
subtribe Tripogoninae Stapf [1917]:
Desmostachya,
Eragrostiella,
Halopyrum,
Melanocenchris, Oropetium, Tripogon,
Tripogonella.
supersubtribe Boutelouodinae P.M. Peterson & Romasch.
[2017] {Boutelouinae + Hilariinae + Monanthochloinae + Muhlenbergiinae +
Scleropogoninae + Traginae}:
subtribe Allolepiinae P.M.
Peterson, Romasch. &
Y. Herrera
[2017]: Allolepis.
subtribe Boutelouinae Stapf [1917]:
Bouteloua
(syn. – Buchloe, Buchlomimus, Cathestecum, Chondrosum, Cyclostachya, Griffithsochloa, Opizia, Pentarrhaphis, Pringleochloa, Soderstromia).
subtribe Hilariinae P.M. Peterson
& Columbus [2007]:
Hilaria
(syn. – Pleuraphis).
subtribe Jouveinae P.M.
Peterson, Romasch. &
Y. Herrera
[2017]: Jouvea.
subtribe Kaliniinae P.M.
Peterson, Romasch. &
Y. Herrera
[2017]: Kalinia.
subtribe Monanthochloinae Pilg. ex
Potztal [1969] (syn.
– Distichlinae Parodi [1946,
nom. nud.]): Distichlis (syn. – Monanthochloe, Reederochloa).
subtribe Muhlenbergiinae Pilg. [1956]
(syn. –
Lycurinae Pilg. [1956]):
Muhlenbergia
(syn. – Aegopogon, Bealia,
Blepharoneuron, Chaboissaea, Lycurus,
Pereilema, Redfieldia,
Schaffnerella, Schedonnardus).
subtribe Scleropogoninae Pilg. [1956]
(syn. –
Munroinae Parodi ex P.M. Peterson
[1995]): Blepharidachne,
Dasyochloa, Erioneuron,
Munroa, Scleropogon,
Swallenia.
subtribe Sohnsiinae P.M.
Peterson, Romasch. &
Y. Herrera
[2017]: Sohnsia.
subtribe Traginae P.M. Peterson
& Columbus [2007]
(syn. –
Lappaginineae Link ex Endl. [1830,
nom. illeg.], Tragineae Rchb.
[1845, unranked]): Monelytrum,
Orthacanthus, Pogononeura, Polevansia,
Tragus,
Willkommia (syn. – Willbleibia).
supersubtribe Gouiniodinae P.M. Peterson
& Romasch. [2017] {Cteniinae + Farragininae +
Gouiniinae + Hubbardochlinae + Perotidinae + Trichoneurinae +
Zaqiqahinae}:
subtribe Cteniinae P.M. Peterson,
Romasch. & Y. Herrera [2014]:
Ctenium.
subtribe Farragininae P. M. Peterson, Romasch. &
Y. Herrera
[2014]: Craspedorhachis,
Farrago.
subtribe Gouiniinae P.M. Peterson
& Columbus [2007]): Gouinia, Schenckochloa,
Tridentopsis, Triplasiella, Triplasis,
Vaseyochloa.
subtribe Hubbardochloinae Auquire [1980]
(syn. –
Gymnopogoninae P. M. Peterson, Romasch. &
Y. Herrera
[2014]): Bewsia,
Decaryella,Dignathia, Gymnopogon,
Hubbardochloa, Leptocarydion, Leptothrium (syn. – Latipes), Lophacme.
subtribe Perotidinae P.M. Peterson,
Romasch. & Y. Herrera [2014]:
Mosdenia, Perotis
(syn. – Lopholepis, Toliara), Trigonochloa.
subtribe Trichoneurinae P.M. Peterson,
Romasch. & Y. Herrera [2014]:
Trichoneura.
subtribe Zaqiqahinae P.M. Peterson,
Romasch. & Y. Herrera [2016]:
Zaqiqah.
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