Cardotiella is a genus of seven species (Crosby et al. 2000) found in the Neotropics, South Africa, Madagascar, and the Mascarene Islands. Members of the genus have creeping stems and long-decurrent leaves with uniformly short, rounded, stoutly unipapillose cells. The leaf decurrency cells in Cardotiella are enlarged, thin-walled, hyaline, and tuberculate. Cardotiella has a basally lobed, mitrate-campanulate calyptra, and its peristome, known for only one species (C. subappendiculata (Broth.) Vitt, is comparable to that of Schlotheimia. Both genera have vertically striate endostome segments, but the Schlotheimia peristome differs in having horizontally striate, furrowed exostome teeth and at times opposite appearing endostome segments. The presence in both genera of mitrate-campanulate calyptrae seems to indicate a close relationship. Cardotiella was revised by Vitt (1981a).