Tropicos | Name - Encalypta Hedw.

Andean Bryo > Encalyptaceae > Encalypta

Choose Project down

English

Encalypta Hedw.

Search in African Plants Database at Geneva Botanical Garden

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 9/17/2009)

Acceptance : Accepted

Project Data (Last Modified On 5/14/2013)

General Reference:

Horton, D. G. 1983. A revision of the Encalyptaceae (Musci), with particular reference to the North American taxa. Part II. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 54: 353–532.

Notes (Last Modified On 5/14/2013)

Notes:

Encalypta contains 22 species with about five species in the Neotropics (Horton, 1983). Distributed primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. In the tropical Andes found in páramo and puna, possibly open high montane; exposed sites on soil and rocks. Encalypta is recognized by the cylindrical-campanulate calyptra and oblong-rectangular laminal cells at the base, smooth with cross walls thickened, and upper cells pluripapillose; the two former features may assist in separating various Pottiaceae (e.g., Syntrichia) from Encalypta with which it is likely to be confused. A though treatment and illustrations has been provided by Horton (1983) that covers all the species recorded for the tropical Andes.

Encalypta contiene 22 especies con unas cinco especies en el Neotrópico (Horton 1983). Distribuidas principalmente en el Hemisferio Norte, en los trópicos confinadas a las regiones montañosas. Páramo y puna, posiblemente en montano alto abierto en Los Andes Tropicales; sitios expuestos sobre suelo y rocas. Encalypta es reconocida por la caliptra cilíndrico-campanulada y células de la lámina oblongo-rectangulares en la base, lisas con paredes transversales engrosadas, y células superiores pluripapilosas; los dos primeros rasgos pueden ayudar a separar varias Pottiaceae (p. ej. Syntrichia) de Encalypta con las que probablemente sea confundida.

Excluded: Encalypta procera Bruch The Colombian collection, based on “Andes Bogotensis” Weir (NY). Although this species may be present (but no further collections have been made), this may be a case of mislabeling (cf. Horton 1983). Encalypta procera is characterized by the brown, filiform brood bodies on the stem, furrowed capsules, and double peristome; the leaves are also dimorphic, sterile plants with costa ending well below the apex or percurrent, and costa long excurrent on upper most leaves on fertile plants.

Export To PDF

Export To Word

Plants medium sized, forming tufts, dark green to yellowish-brown. Stems erect, solitary or few branched; central strand absent or weak. Leaves contorted and incurved when dry, erect-spreading when wet, ovate-oblong, oblong-elliptic to obovate, occasionally undulate, apex broadly acute to obtuse, ± cucullate, mucronate or apiculate; margins plane, erect or inflexed distally, usually reflexed below, entire; costae single, usually strong, subpercurrent to percurrent or short excurrent, back usually projecting; upper and median cells subquadrate, strongly pluripapillose, papillae branched; lower and basal cells large and short rectangular, smooth, walls dark brownish-orange; basal margin cells usually differentiated. Autoicous (goniautoicous). Perichaetia terminal; leaves little differentiated. Setae elongate, erect to somewhat flexuose, rather stout, smooth, often distally twisted. Capsules erect, urn usually long cylindrical, smooth to furrowed, ± twisted; stomata at base of urn, superficial; annuli undifferentiated; opercula rostrate from a plano-convex base; peristome absent or present, teeth 16, vertically-striate papillose, often fragile and deciduous. Calyptrae long-campanulate, apex constricted and rostrate, base fringed and appearing lobed or not. Spores variously ornamented.

Plantas medianas, formando manojos, de color verde oscuro hasta pardo-amarillento. Tallos erectos, solitarios o poco ramificados; cordón central ausente o débil. Hojas contortas e incurvadas en seco, erecto-extendidas en húmedo, ovado-oblongas, oblongo-elípticas hasta obovadas, ocasionalmente unduladas, ápices anchamente agudos hasta obtusos, ± cuculados, mucronados o apiculados; márgenes planos, erectos o inflexos distalmente, generalmente reflexos abajo, enteros; costa simple, generalmente fuerte, subpercurrente hasta percurrente o corto-excurrente, concolora o con una arista hialina, proyectándose generalmente en el envés, a veces espinosa; células superiores y mediales subcuadradas, marcadamente pluripapilosas, papilas ramificadas; células inferiores y basales grandes y corto-rectangulares, lisas, paredes naranja-pardas oscuras; células basales del margen generalmente diferenciadas. Autoicas (goniautoicas). Periquecios terminales; hojas poco diferenciadas. Setas alargadas, erectas hasta algo flexuosas, bastante robustas, lisas, a menudo distalmente torcidas. Cápsulas erectas, urna generalmente largo-cilíndrica, lisas hasta acanaladas, ± torcidas; estomas en la base de la urna, superficiales; anillo indiferenciado; opérculo rostrado desde una base plano-convexa; peristoma ausente o presente, 16 dientes, verticalmente-estriados papilosos, a menudo frágiles y deciduos. Caliptra largo-campanulada, ápices constrictos y rostrados, base flecada y de apariencia lobada o no. Esporas diversamente ornamentadas.